Theoretical analysis of psychological aspects and mechanisms of financial literacy in international research

Abstract

In recent years, the study of financial literacy within the framework of psychological sciences has gained significant importance. This is due to the fact that financial decisions are often made based on an individual's behavior, emotional stability, and cognitive characteristics. Financial behavior is influenced not only by a person's financial knowledge and skills but also by their motivational sphere and system of beliefs.

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the psychological aspects and mechanisms of financial literacy based on international research. First, the relevance and significance of financial literacy in the context of psychology are examined. Furthermore, the concept of "financial literacy" is described through the lens of psychological studies. A key feature of the article is the systematic review of scientific publications that address the psychological determinants of financial literacy. Based on these findings, the psychological mechanisms and aspects of financial literacy are identified.

Using the PRISMA methodological procedure, a systematic review of bibliographic and analytical data is conducted, with qualitative analysis of relevant studies. Statistical data from recent studies indexed in international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar are presented. Following PRISMA criteria, psychological factors and mechanisms related to financial literacy are outlined in tabular form. External (economic, social, demographic, cultural) and internal (psychological) factors influencing financial literacy are systematized. Many international psychological studies identify self-efficacy and anxiety as key psychological predictors of financial literacy. According to research findings, an individual’s cognitive abilities have a direct impact on their level of financial literacy. Anxiety related to life in old age is also described as a psychological aspect influencing financial behavior.