A literary review of modern approaches to the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders: new horizons and clinical practices

Abstract

This literature review examines modern approaches to the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), focusing on new horizons and clinical practices. Several key academic databases were used to find relevant and reliable sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science. The multidisciplinary Review includes an analysis of existing diagnostic criteria, such as the DSM-5, and their limitations in the context of identifying autistic manifestations in preschool children. Special attention is paid to the concept of "ordinary autism", which offers a new perspective on autistic functioning that goes beyond traditional diagnostic categories. Advanced tools such as the Coolidge Autistic Symptoms Questionnaire (CASS-84) and the Pediatric Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) are also being considered, which can improve diagnostic accuracy and help distinguish between different forms of ASD and related conditions. The analysis highlights the need to introduce more flexible and adaptive diagnostic methods that take into account the individual characteristics of patients and their families. The review concludes that further research in this area is important for improving the quality of diagnosis and therapy, as well as for improving the quality of life of people with autism.