Retraction

The editorial board of the journal follows international standards of publication ethics, in particular the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Retraction of an article is an official procedure applied in cases where significant  violations of academic integrity are identified, including:

plagiarism, fabrication, or falsification of data;

unethical appropriation of ideas or research results;

manipulation of authorship or concealment of author information;

violation of fair citation principles;

other forms of ethical misconduct.

In such cases, the published article is subject to retraction:

a retraction notice is published in both the electronic and printed versions of the journal;

the article metadata are marked as "RETRACTED" with an indication of the reasons;

the article is excluded from academic circulation as an unreliable source.

 All payments made by the author for publication are non-refundable.The purpose of

retraction is to preserve academic integrity, protect authors' rights, and maintain the trust of the scientific community in published materials.